Women are adult human females and a distinctive segment of society. The term "women" generally refers to the biological sex characterized by reproductive anatomy specific to producing ova, menstruation, and giving birth. From a societal perspective, women have historically faced various forms of discrimination and inequality in comparison to men and have fought for equal rights and opportunities. Women's achievements and contributions to society, ranging from politics and science to art and literature, have been instrumental in shaping history. Additionally, women often play vital roles as caretakers, nurturers, and leaders, contributing to the diverse and multi-faceted fabric of human existence.